What is atopic conjunctivitis?

Atopic conjunctivitis is a chronic, severe allergic eye condition associated with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and other allergic conditions, such as asthma or hay fever. It involves long-term inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye and inside of the eyelids).

How is atopic conjunctivitis different from other allergic eye diseases?

• Atopic Conjunctivitis:
  • Long-term (chronic) and often linked to atopic dermatitis.
  • Symptoms persist year-round, with periods of flare-ups.
  • Can cause serious complications, including corneal damage or scarring.
  • Associated with thickening of the eyelids and conjunctiva.
• Allergic Eye Diseases (e.g., Seasonal/Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis):
  • Typically short-term or seasonal (e.g., hay fever conjunctivitis during spring/summer).
  • Symptoms like itching and redness occur suddenly and are milder.
  • Rarely causes long-term complications.
  • Triggered by specific allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander.

What causes atopic conjunctivitis?

The condition is triggered by an immune overreaction to allergens. Common triggers include:

• Dust mites.
• Animal dander.
• Mold spores.
• Pollens (in some cases).

Unlike seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, atopic conjunctivitis is not limited to specific times of the year and can occur continuously.

What are the symptoms of atopic conjunctivitis?

• Persistent itching and redness in the eyes.
• Thick, sticky discharge, especially in the morning.
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia).
• Swollen, flaky, or thickened eyelids.
• Blurred vision or a sensation of dryness.

How is atopic conjunctivitis treated?

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications:

1. Avoid Allergens: Minimize exposure to dust, pets, and mold.
2. Medications:
   • Antihistamine or Mast Cell Stabilizer Drops: Reduce inflammation and control symptoms.
   • Steroid Drops: Prescribed for severe cases but used short-term to avoid side effects.
   • Cyclosporine Drops: A longer-term option to control chronic inflammation.
3. Eyelid Hygiene: Regular cleaning with warm water and a gentle cleanser.
4. Cold Compresses: Soothe itching and swelling.

Can atopic conjunctivitis cause complications?

Yes, if untreated, it can lead to:

• Corneal ulcers or scarring, affecting vision.
• Secondary infections.

When should I see a doctor?

Seek medical advice if symptoms persist, worsen, or interfere with daily life. Early treatment reduces the risk of complications.

Can atopic conjunctivitis be prevented?

While it cannot always be prevented, good allergy management, eye hygiene, and early treatment can reduce severity and flare-ups.